MOECDC Class 8 Biodiversity and Environment
MOECDC Class 8 Science and Technology | Biodiversity and Environment | Nepal Class 8 | Exercise | Question Answer
MOECDC Class 8 English Medium Science Chapter 4 Biodiversity and Environment Exercise Question Answer Solution.
| Board | Government of Nepal. |
| Class | Eight (8). |
| Subject | Science and Technology. |
| Chapter | Biodiversity and Environment |
| Topic | Exercise Solve / Question Answer / Notes. |
Exercise 1 :
(1) Choose the best alternative :
(a) Where was the Earth Summit about Biodiversity 1992 held?
(i) China
(ii) Brazil
(iii) Africa
(iv) Japan
Answer :
The Earth Summit about Biodiversity 1992 was held in – (ii) Brazil.
(b) Which of the given alternative is related to faunal diversity?
(i) Animals
(ii) Plants
(iii) Animals and plants
(iv) Only mammals
Answer :
(i) Animals– is related to faunal diversity.
(c) Riya is thinking to conserve an endangered plant. Which of the following action going to be taken by her represents the Ex-situ method of conservation?
(i) She plants the plant in the community forest.
(ii) She plants the plant in the same forest where it was obtained from
(iii) She plants the plant in her kitchen garden
(iv) She plants the plant on a riverbank
Answer :
Riya is thinking to conserve an endangered plant. – (iii) She plants the plant in her kitchen garden to represent the Ex-situ method of conservation.
(d) Which one of the following represents the significance of biodiversity?
(i) Fodder and firewood are obtained from forests.
(ii) Forests maintain greenery
(iii) Tourists often visit attractive forests for fun
(iv) There is always son1e fear of wild animals from forests.
Answer :
(ii) Forests maintain greenery– represents the significance of biodiversity.
(e) What percentage of plant species in the world is found in Nepal?
(i) 1.1%
(ii) 3.2%
(iii) 10%
(iv) 0.1%
Answer :
(ii) 3.2%– of plant species in the world is found in Nepal.
(2) Differentiate :
(a) In-situ conservation and Ex-situ conservation
Answer :
In-situ conservation and Ex-situ conservation:
(i) In In-situ conservation, wild lives can live by interacting with physical and biological components openly and naturally. But in Ex-situ conservation, wild lives are conserved beyond their natural habitat but providing their natural environment as far as practicable within a small boundary or cage.
(ii) With In-situ conservation method, all types of wild lives can be conservation whether they are endangered or not. But Ex-situ conservation is more effective for endangered species of both wild lives and plants.
(b) Genetic diversity and Species diversity
Answer :
Genetic diversity and Species diversity: Genetic diversity simply refers to the variation among the individuals of same or different species. But species diversity refers to the numbers and type of species living in a certain environment.
(3) Give a reason:
(a) There is some variation among the individuals of the same species.
Answer :
There is some variation among the individuals of the same species because the height, growth, color of hair or fur, face structure of same species of animals are not same, in fact, height, girth, number and length of leaves, position of same species of plants on the same farmland are also not same.
(b) It is difficult to conserve any native species with the Ex-situ conservation method.
Answer :
It is difficult to conserve any active species with the Ex-situ conservation method because of the prison-like captivated life within a small boundary or cage.
(c) Forestfire devastates biodiversity.
Answer :
Forest fire devastates biodiversity because forest fire kills many wild lives and plants.
(d) Nepal is rich in biodiversity.
Answer :
Nepal is rich in biodiversity due to its varied altitude which ranges from the lowest 59 m to 8884 m from sea level.
(4) Answer the following questions:
(a) What is biodiversity? Give examples.
Answer :
Different organisms exit in different environments with different physical structures and abilities is called biodiversity. Example – height, girth, number and length of leaves, position and number of the ear of maize plants on the same farmland are also not the same.
(b) What are the methods of conserving biodiversity? Explain any one of them in brief. What are the conserving measures of biodiversity?
Answer :
The methods of conserving biodiversity are In-situ conservation and Ex-situ conservation.
Ex-situ conservation – The method of conservation in which wild lives are conserved beyond their natural habitat but providing their natural environment as far as practicable within a small boundary or cage is called Ex-situ conservation. This method is more effective for endangered species of both wild lives and plants. Because of limited area, looking after them and their treatment, case-study etc. Become very easier but disliking the prison-like captivated life by wild animals and compulsory management of their regular diet and other physical environment make this method more laborious and costly. Botanical gardens, zoos, safari parks etc. are some examples of Ex-situ conservation.
The conserving measures of biodiversity –
(i) Controlling poaching and illegal trade of wild lives and their certain body parts.
(ii) Establishing furthermore protected areas.
(iii) By controlling overgrazing, forest fire, pollution, irrational urbanization and industrialization.
(iv) By making and implementing strong law and order regarding poaching and illegal trade of wild animals and plants.
(v) By making people aware through education regarding the importance of biodiversity for everyone and the duty of a good citizen about their protection.
(c) What are the common impacts of human activities on biodiversity? Explain.
Answer :
The common impacts of human activities on biodiversity are,
(i) Global warming due to climate change for environmental pollutions which are caused by human activities,
(ii) Landslides and soil erosion due to improper mining and blasting of rocks and minerals,
(iii) Collecting excessive fodders and fire wood leads to deforestation and affects the sources of water,
(iv) Illegal trade and poaching of wild animals also decreased their number,
(v) Construction of roads, buildings, dams, bridges without proper planning harm the habitat of many wild lives,
(vi) Level of chemical pollution increases due to excessive industrialization which adversely affects the biodiversity of the surrounding environment,
(vii) Excavating rocks, gravel and sand illegally and irrationally from rivers leads to landslides at river banks, drying nearby farmlands and deteriorating biodiversity.
(d) Explain the present status of the biodiversity of Nepal.
Answer :
The present status of the biodiversity of Nepal – Regarding biodiversity, Nepal stands on the world’s 27th, Asia’s 10th and south-Asia’s 2nd position. Nepal keeps the world’s 3.2% plant and 1.1% animal variety. There are more than 118 types of ecosystems and more than 15 types of forests in Nepal. Some very peculiar and rare plants and animals are found only in Nepal. Spiny babbler is found only in Nepal. The occurrence of 32 species of rhododendron and native rice of Jumla which grows at the world’s highest altitude.
(e) Explain the causes of the degradation of biodiversity in points.
Answer :
The causes of the degradation of biodiversity are –
(i) Forest fire kills many wild lives and plants.
(ii) Floods and landslides also destroy many plants and wild lives.
(iii) Landslides and soil erosion due to improper mining and blasting of rocks and minerals.
(iv) Collecting excessive fodders and fire wood leads to deforestation and affects the sources of water.
(v) Illegal trade and poaching of wild animals also decreased their number.
(vi) Construction of roads, buildings, dams, bridges without proper planning harm the habitat of many wild lives.
(vii) Excavating rocks, gravel and sand illegally and irrationally from rivers leads to landslides at river banks, drying nearby farmlands and deteriorating biodiversity.
(viii) Global warming due to climate change is affecting the livelihood of many plants and animals.
(ix) Level of chemical pollution increases due to excessive industrialization which adversely affects the biodiversity of the surrounding environment.
(f) What is the role of ‘species richness’ in biodiversity?
Answer :
Species richness’ refers to the number and type of species living in a certain environment. It helps to count the number of species at a certain place and to boost biodiversity.
(g) Mention the types of biodiversity.
Answer :
The types of biodiversity are, genetic diversity, species diversity and ecosystem diversity.
(h) Study the given picture and answer the following questions:
(i) Which type of method of conservation of biodiversity is shown in the picture?
(ii) State the advantages of this inodel and its procedures in biodiversity conservation.
Answer :
(i) In-situ conservation of biodiversity is shown in the picture.
(ii) The advantages of this model – it is easy and the best model as wild lives can live by interacting with physical and biological components openly and naturally. With this model, all types of wild lives can be conserved whether they are endangered or not.
Exercise 2 :
(1) Choose the best answer from the given alternatives :
(a) Report of which commission has defined sustainable development clearly?
(i) Kyoto report
(ii) Agenda-30
(iii) UNO
(iv) Brundtland
Answer :
Report of (iv) Brundtland – commission has defined sustainable development clearly.
(b) Which aspect of sustainable development emphasizes social justice?
(i) Economic
(ii) Social
(iii) environmental
(iv) Cultural
Answer :
(ii) Social – aspect of sustainable development emphasizes social justice.
(c) Which of the following point represents the importance of sustainable development regarding biodiversity?
(i) Sustainable development manages irrigation systems. in bare lands.
(ii) Sustainable development helps to make roads for connecting remote places
(iii) Sustainable development emphasizes poverty elimination and a hygienic lifestyle.
(iv) Sustainable development emphasizes the balancing of the surrounding ecosystem.
Answer :
(iv) Sustainable development emphasizes the balancing of the surrounding ecosystem – represents the importance of sustainable development regarding biodiversity.
(d) Which number among the goals of sustainable development. the goal of biodiversity is related?
(i) No. 13
(ii) No. 14
(iii) No. 15
(iv) No. 16
Answer :
(iii) No. 15 – among the goals of sustainable development, the goal of biodiversity ecosystem.
(e) In the context of the declining snow of the Himalayas, which among the following points represents the main challenge to sustainable agro managementof the region?
(i) gradual desertification of farmland
(ii) frequent occurrence of floods and landslides
(iii) drying of land due to less snowing
(iv) decreasing fertility of the land.
Answer :
In the context of the declining snow of the Himalayas, (ii) frequent occurrence of floods and landslides – represents the main challenge to sustainable agro management of the region.
(f) Which strategy of community development is more suitable for Nepal for the impartial approach of every citizen in natural resources according to the principle of sustainable development regarding social justice?
Income-generating projects, community forest and awareness programs.
(ii) Environmental conservation for sustainable development
(iii) Environmental degradation and promotional program.
(iv) Social harmony and management of solid wastes.
Answer :
(iv) Social harmony and management of solid wastes – is more suitable for Nepal for the impartial approach of every citizen in natural resources according to the principle of sustainable development regarding social justice.
(2) Differentiate :
(a) Development and Sustainable development
Answer :
Development and sustainable development: Developments means an improvement in infrastructures to meet the demands of the present generation. But the development that meets the needs of the present generation without compromising the ability of future generation to meet their own needs is called sustainable development.
(b) Social and Environmental aspects of sustainable development
Answer :
Social and Environmental aspects of sustainable development: Social aspect of sustainable development means, poverty elimination, a common approach to resources, empowerment of women and marginalized groups, people participation, preservation of cultural identity, peace and social justice are to be maintained and implemented properly. On the other hand, Proper utilization of natural resources by balancing the surrounding ecosystem is the environmental aspect of sustainable development.
(3) Give reason :
(a) Environment must be considered while implementing developmental works.
Answer :
Environment must be considered while implementing developmental works as a continued supply of environmental services in sufficient amounts is a must for the overall development of mankind.
(b) Sustainable development helps to establish social harmony.
Answer :
Sustainable development helps to establish social harmony because sustainable development eliminates social inequality, maintains social justice, conserves traditions and cultures and establishes happiness and prosperity in society.
(c) Degradation of biodiversity affects sustainable develop1nent.
Answer :
Degradation of biodiversity affects sustainable development because degradation of biodiversity leads a discontinued supply of environmental services which affects the overall development of mankind.
(4) Answer the following questions:
(a) What is sustainable development? Give an example.
Answer :
Considering economic, social, cultural and environmental aspects while constructing and operating any project for mankind is called sustainable development. Example – Solar energy.
(b) What are the principles of sustainable development? Describe any one of them in brief.
Answer :
The principles of sustainable development are,
(i) Principle of the ecosystem and biodiversity conservation.
(ii) Principle of population control and human resource management.
(iii) Principle of culture conservation and public participation.
Principle of the ecosystem and biodiversity conservation : Keeping the caring capacity of the earth in mind, the norms of maintaining natural resources, ecosystems and biodiversity while conducting developmental projects are called the principle of ecosystem and biodiversity conservation. This principle emphasizes the conservation of natural resources, the use of renewable sources of energy, the search for other alternative sources, pollution control and biodiversity conservation.
(c) ‘Skilled human resource is the foundation as well as the destructor of sustainable development’. Clarify this statement on your own.
Answer :
‘Skilled human resource is the foundation as well as the destructor of sustainable development’ – Skilled human resource helps to do any developmental work in sustainable way. It is also helps in economic growth of a country and conserving natural resources. But sometimes it also acts as the destructor of sustainable development because some human beings ignore the principles of sustainable development and use their skills negatively in development to earn more money which harms the biodiversity of the surrounding environment.
(d) Describe the importance and necessity of sustainable development for a balanced environment.
Answer :
The importance and necessity of sustainable development for a balanced environment,
(i) Sustainable development balances the environment and controls pollution.
(ii) Sustainable development conserves natural resources and awakens people about their rational use.
(iii) The infrastructures of mega projects are constructed according to the norms of sustainable development.
(iv) Sustainable development gradually eliminates social inequality and establishes social justice, peace and harmony among people.
(v) Sustainable development emphasizes delivering economic opportunity proportionately to every people in society.
(e) What is sustainable development goal? Illustrate the effort of Nepal to harness the goals of sustainable development.
Answer :
Sustainable development goal that include different economic, social and environmental aspects within a timeframe is the roadmap of the world’s common goal on this issue.
The efforts of Nepal to harness the goals of sustainable development,
(i) To conserve the forest, Nepal has been launching a community forest program since 1970. After the implementation of the Act on community forest in 1993, both area and density of forest have been increased considerable by handing over the responsibility of management of community forests to the local people.
(ii) Nepal government is implementing various programs under the Fourteenth three-year plan 2016-2019 for poverty elimination emphasizing vocational/ technical education and income generating skills, employment generating programs, biodiversity conservation awareness programs and campaigns of education, sanitation and health for all.
(iii) To draw the world’s attention towards the consequences of climate change, the Nepal government held a cabinet meeting at Kalapatthar, the basecamp of Mt Everest at an altitude of 5550 m in 2009 and by the largest lake Rara, situated at the altitude of 2990 m in 2018. Similarly, an appropriate dam and drainage system are constructed at Tsho-Rolpa glacial lake situated at Rolwaling valley of Dolakha district in 2020 to prevent the probability of its burstingat any time.
(f) If any road is being constructed in your town/village, give any three suggestions to the construction company for the sustainability of the road.
Answer :
If any road is being constructed in our town/village, then there are three suggestions to the construction company for the sustainability of the road.
(i) Focus on the conservation of the environment while constructing roads.
(ii) Construct the roads with a proper planning and according to the norms of sustainable development.
(iii) Try to use renewable sources and products in construction.
(g) What are the aspects of sustainable development? Describe briefly the interrelationship between various aspects of sustainable development with a suitable venn diagram.
Answer :
The aspects of sustainable development are economic aspect, social aspect and environmental aspect.
(h) Suggest to your local government what it needs to do for the achievement of the goals of sustainable development regarding biodiversity.
Answer :
For the achievement of the goals of sustainable development regarding biodiversity my local government needs to,
(i) Keep the human population within a limit.
(ii) Maintain natural resources, ecosystems and biodiversity while conducting developmental projects.
(iii) Conduct various programs like poverty elimination, mitigating the effects of climate change, budgeting for quality education, community development programs.
(iv) Manage domestic and industrial wastes.
(v) Promote and maintain greenery and facility of drainage system, public toilets in public places, cities or villages as far as possible.
More Solutions :
👉 (2) Information and Communication Technology
👉 (3) Living Beings and Their Structure
👉 (8) Electricity and Magnetism
